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Hospitalist Admission and Rounding Pocket Guide

Orders, Daily Rounds, Handoffs, and Discharge Decisions for the Inpatient Medicine Team

The 30 entries with the warnings that matter most on a first shift, drawn from every chapter. Read them in the car park, then drill them as flashcards.

1Admit vs. Discharge from the EDCh. 1
Use it when

The ED requests admission for a patient who might be safe to go home.

Common error

Accepting every admit request without asking about home support, transportation, and who can check on the patient tonight.

2Chief Complaint and HPICh. 2
Use it when

Every admission, and any day the presentation has changed.

Common error

Translating the complaint into a diagnosis before the history is done. A patient who says the room is spinning has not said vertigo.

3Admit Order ElementsCh. 3
Use it when

Writing the first order set for any admission.

Common error

Leaving VTE prophylaxis or the diet order to be added later. Later is often too late.

4Overnight Event ReviewCh. 4
Use it when

At the start of every rounding day, before seeing the patient.

Common error

Reading only the physician cross-cover note. Nurses record the early signs that physicians miss.

5Sepsis Screening ToolsCh. 5
Use it when

Screening acutely ill hospitalized adults on arrival and at every set of vitals.

Common error

Ignoring a patient who fails the screen but looks unwell. A screen supports your judgment but does not replace it.

6HEART ScoreCh. 6
Use it when

A patient has chest pain with a nondiagnostic ECG and you must decide who can be discharged.

Common error

Using the score on a patient with ST elevation or hemodynamic instability. It applies only to undifferentiated, stable chest pain.

7Imaging for Suspected PneumoniaCh. 7
Use it when

A patient has fever, cough, or hypoxemia and you suspect pneumonia.

Common error

Excluding pneumonia on an early normal film in a dehydrated patient with a strong clinical picture. Repeat the imaging if suspicion remains.

8UTI vs. Asymptomatic BacteriuriaCh. 8
Presentation

Dysuria, urgency, frequency, suprapubic pain, flank pain, or fever. A positive urine culture without symptoms is bacteriuria, not infection.

Red flags

Fever with flank pain, an obstructing stone, or sepsis needs imaging and a different pathway.

9Upper GI Bleed: First HourCh. 9
Presentation

Hematemesis, coffee-ground emesis, melena, or hemodynamic instability with a high BUN-to-creatinine ratio.

Red flags

Hypotension, hematemesis with altered mental status, or a falling hemoglobin despite transfusion needs the ICU, airway protection, and urgent endoscopy.

10Acute Kidney Injury: First StepsCh. 10
Presentation

A creatinine rise of 0.3 mg/dL within 48 hours, or 1.5 times baseline within 7 days, or urine output below 0.5 mL/kg per hour for 6 hours.

Red flags

Hyperkalemia with ECG changes, refractory acidosis, volume overload, uremic symptoms, or toxic ingestion needs urgent nephrology review.

11Glucose Targets and MonitoringCh. 11
Use it when

Any patient with diabetes or hyperglycemia is admitted.

Common error

Using sliding scale insulin alone. It reacts to high values and does not prevent them.

12Altered Mental Status: First StepsCh. 12
Presentation

New confusion, drowsiness, agitation, or unresponsiveness.

Red flags

A Glasgow Coma Scale of 8 or less, a blown pupil, or fever with neck stiffness needs immediate action.

13Anticoagulation BasicsCh. 13
Used for

Prevention of venous thromboembolism, treatment of DVT and pulmonary embolism, stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation, and mechanical valves.

Safety

Check baseline hemoglobin, platelets, creatinine, and weight. Recheck platelets on heparin.

14Oncologic EmergenciesCh. 14
Presentation

A patient with known or suspected cancer who has an acute change.

Red flags

Any neurologic deficit or airway symptom is time-critical.

15Pain Assessment and Multimodal PlanCh. 15
Use it when

A patient reports pain on admission or during the stay.

Common error

Ordering an opioid alone, as needed, without scheduled non-opioid drugs.

16Preoperative Risk AssessmentCh. 16
Use it when

A patient is scheduled for non-cardiac surgery and a medical opinion is requested.

Common error

Ordering a stress test or echocardiogram for a low-risk patient, which delays surgery without changing management.

17Geriatric PrescribingCh. 17
Use it when

Prescribing for a patient age 65 or older.

Common error

Adding a drug for each new symptom without asking whether a drug caused it.

18Calling a ConsultCh. 18
Use it when

A clinical question is beyond the primary team, or an intervention is needed from another specialty.

Common error

Asking 'please evaluate' without a question, or leaving an urgent consult in the electronic queue.

19Capacity AssessmentCh. 19
Use it when

A patient refuses or accepts a treatment and you doubt they can understand the choice.

Common error

Equating capacity with a cognitive test score, a psychiatric diagnosis, or disagreement with your advice.

20Discharge ReadinessCh. 20
Use it when

Deciding that a patient is ready to go.

Common error

Discharging by the clock without checking the pending issues, such as an unsafe home or a missing prescription.

21Inpatient vs. Observation DecisionCh. 1
Use it when

A patient needs hospital care but the expected duration is uncertain.

Common error

Choosing status by bed availability, payer, or the time of day instead of the clinical expectation.

22Collateral HistoryCh. 2
Use it when

The patient is confused, intubated, intoxicated, has dementia, or cannot give a reliable account.

Common error

Accepting the ED summary of the family's account without speaking to them. Details are lost at each handoff.

23Diet OrdersCh. 3
Use it when

Every admission.

Common error

Ordering strict NPO after midnight for a procedure that may not happen. Prolonged NPO status worsens glycemic control and delirium.

24Vitals, I/Os, and Weight TrendsCh. 4
Use it when

Every day, for every patient.

Common error

Trusting the intake and output chart over the scale. Charts miss incontinence, insensible loss, and skipped measurements.

25Sepsis vs. Septic ShockCh. 5
Presentation

Sepsis is life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated response to infection, shown by an acute rise in the SOFA score of 2 or more. Septic shock is sepsis with a need for vasopressors to keep the mean arterial pressure at 65 mm Hg or more and a lactate above 2 mmol/L despite adequate fluids.

Red flags

Mottled skin, delayed capillary refill, a new oxygen requirement, or confusion in an older adult, even with a normal temperature.

26High-Sensitivity Troponin InterpretationCh. 6
Use it when

Any patient with symptoms of myocardial ischemia.

Common error

Calling every elevated troponin an NSTEMI. Chronic kidney disease, sepsis, heart failure, and pulmonary embolism raise it without plaque rupture.

27CAP Severity ScoresCh. 7
Use it when

Deciding the site of care for community-acquired pneumonia.

Common error

Sending home a low-score patient who has hypoxemia, no support at home, or an inability to take oral medication.

28PyelonephritisCh. 8
Presentation

Fever, flank pain, nausea, and costovertebral tenderness, often with pyuria and bacteriuria.

Red flags

No improvement in 48 to 72 hours, sepsis, or an obstructing stone needs CT and urology.

29Risk Scores for Upper GI BleedingCh. 9
Presentation

Used to decide which patients can go home and which need admission, endoscopy, or ICU care.

Red flags

Do not discharge on score alone when the patient is on anticoagulants or has no safe follow-up.

30Prerenal vs. Intrinsic AKICh. 10
Presentation

Rising creatinine in which the cause is not clear from the history.

Red flags

Red cell casts, proteinuria, or hematuria suggests glomerulonephritis and needs nephrology.

Each card shows when you would use an entry. Say what you would do, then check. Cards you miss come back soon; cards you know come back after longer gaps.

–new
–due
–scheduled later

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Educational study aid, not clinical advice. Always follow your facility's protocols, the orders of the responsible provider, and current drug labeling. Ranges and doses must be checked against your local references.